System Design Document (SDD)

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System Design Document (SDD)



Project: School Management System Version: 1.0 Date: [Insert Date] Author: [Your Name]

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose

The System Design Document outlines the architecture, data flow, and design specifications for the School Management System (SMS). It serves as a blueprint for developers, testers, and stakeholders.

1.2 Scope

The SMS is a web-based application designed to automate administrative tasks in schools, including student management, fee processing, attendance tracking, exam results, timetable scheduling, and communication.

2. System Overview

The system will be implemented as a 3-tier architecture:

  • Presentation Layer: Web and mobile interfaces.
  • Application Layer: Backend APIs (Node.js / Laravel / Django).
  • Database Layer: Relational Database (MySQL / PostgreSQL).

3. Functional Components

  1. User Management – Admin, Teacher, Student, Parent roles.
  2. Student Management – Enrollments, profiles, class assignments.
  3. Attendance Management – Daily attendance marking and reports.
  4. Fee Management – Fee structure, payment tracking, receipts.
  5. Examination & Results – Exam scheduling, grading, results publishing.
  6. Timetable Management – Class and exam timetables.
  7. Library Management – Book catalog, issue/return logs.
  8. Communication Portal – Messaging and announcements.

4. System Architecture

  • Frontend: React.js / Angular / Vue.js for responsive UI.
  • Backend: REST API with Laravel or Node.js.
  • Database: MySQL with ERD.
  • Authentication: JWT-based secure login.
  • Hosting: Cloud-based (AWS / Azure).

5. Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)

5.1 Level 0 – Context Diagram

Shows interaction between:

  • Users → System → Database

5.2 Level 1 – Major Processes

  • Manage Students
  • Manage Attendance
  • Manage Fees
  • Manage Exams

6. Database Design

6.1 Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Entities:

  • Student
  • Teacher
  • Class
  • Subject
  • Exam
  • Result
  • Fee
  • Attendance

Relationships:

  • One Teacher → Many Classes
  • One Student → Many Subjects
  • One Exam → Many Results

7. User Interface Design

  • Dashboard: Overview of all modules.
  • Forms: Add/Edit student, fee entry, attendance.
  • Reports: Filterable and exportable.

8. Security Considerations

  • Role-based access control (RBAC).
  • SSL/TLS encryption for data transmission.
  • Database encryption for sensitive data.

9. Non-Functional Requirements

  • Performance: System should handle 500 concurrent users.
  • Scalability: Modular architecture for easy expansion.
  • Availability: 99.9% uptime.
  • Backup & Recovery: Daily automated backups.

10. Appendices

  • Wireframes
  • API documentation
  • Glossary of terms
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